Causes of rhinitis

Rhinitis is a common nasal disease, the causes of its formation are more complex, mainly including the following aspects:
Infectious factor
Viral infection: This is one of the most common causes of rhinitis, common viruses include rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, influenza viruses and so on. After virus infection, the nasal mucosa will produce inflammation, resulting in nasal mucosa congestion, swelling, increased secretions, resulting in rhinitis symptoms.
Bacterial infection: After viral infection, the defense function of the nasal mucosa is reduced, and bacteria are prone to secondary infections, such as streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus, etc., which further aggravate the inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
Fungal infection: In some special cases, such as long-term use of antibiotics, low immune function, etc., the nasal cavity may be affected by fungal infection, causing fungal rhinitis.
Allergic factor
Inhalation allergens: such as pollen, dust mites, animal dander, fungal spores, etc., after entering the nasal cavity, these allergens will interact with the immune cells in the nasal mucosa, triggering an immune response, resulting in inflammation of the nasal mucosa, manifested as nasal itching, sneezing, runny nose and other symptoms.
Food allergens: Some people are allergic to certain foods, such as milk, eggs, seafood, etc., and the allergens in these foods may also cause allergic reactions in the nasal mucosa after absorption through the digestive tract.
Environmental factor
Air pollution: Harmful gases in the air, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, industrial waste gas, automobile exhaust, etc., will stimulate the nasal mucosa, resulting in mucosal damage and inflammation.
Chemical substances: Long-term exposure to certain chemicals, such as cosmetics, detergents, paints, formaldehyde, etc., may cause allergic or irritating reactions in the nasal mucosa, which can lead to rhinitis.
Climate change: Rapid changes in temperature and humidity, such as seasonal alternations, sudden cold or hot, will stimulate the nasal mucosa, making the regulatory function of the nasal mucosa unbalanced, easy to cause rhinitis.
Other factors
Nasal structure abnormalities: such as deviated nasal septum, turbinate hypertrophy, nasal polyps and other nasal structure abnormalities, will affect the nasal ventilation and drainage, resulting in nasal mucosa susceptible to irritation and infection, thereby increasing the risk of rhinitis.
Drug factors: Long-term use of certain drugs, such as antihypertensive drugs, antiarrhythmic drugs, nasal drops, etc., may cause drug-induced rhinitis.
Autoimmune factors: Some autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc., may involve the nasal mucosa, resulting in rhinitis. In addition, people with low immunity, such as the elderly, children, and people with chronic diseases, are also more susceptible to rhinitis.